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| dct:abstract
| - Due to their cryptic life and scarcity Achilidae is one of the least known and understood families of planthoppers (Fulgoroidea). This work represents the first comprehensive review of Achilidae from the West Palaearctic. A general update of the current knowledge on morphology, taxonomy, systematics, distribution, and ecology of Achilidae is presented. With focus on West Palaearctic taxa larval instars of two mediterranean species are described and illustrated for the first time. For adults, male and female genital structures of all species concerned are figured and described. Supplementary descriptions are provided for all known species. Biological notes, especially on host plant associations wherever available are provided. These have revealed an association with Fagaceae (Quercus spp., Fagus spec.) and Pinaceae (Pinus spec., Abies spec.); immatures and partly adults feed as sap-suckers on hyphae of fungi of Basidiomycota: Polyporales which are found on rotten parts under bark of fallen trees. 5 species were discovered as new to science: 4 of the genus Cixidia SPINOLA (C. anatolica spec. nov. from Turkey, C. maghrebina spec. nov. from Algeria, C. malickii spec. nov. from Greece: Crete, C. skaloula spec. nov. from Greece), and 1 of the genus Neomenocria FENNAH (N. creticola spec. nov. from Greece: Crete), the latter genus here being removed from synonymy with Cixidia and newly defined. All West Palaearctic species belong to the subfamily Achilinae with a total of 3 genera and 16 species, and are assigned to 2 tribes: a single species represents the tribe Plectoderini (Akotropis quercicola LINNAVUORI), 15 the tribe Achilini (not counted the taxonomically unclear Elidiptera genei SPINOLA where the type-specimen is apparently lost). Keys to genera and species of Achilini treated in this work are provided. The identity of C. parnassia STAL could be clarified by examining the original type revealing the misinterpretation of this species by many authors following MELICHAR and others in the late 19th and early 20th century. The misinterpreted species the largest of West Palaearctic Achilidae is here described as new (C. skaloula spec. nov.). 13 species belong to Cixidia and are members of the subtribe Cixidiina; 2 species belong to Neomenocria and are tentatively assigned to the subtribe Elidipterina. With a slight modification of hitherto used subgeneric criteria sensu ANUFRIEV all West Palaearctic Cixidia species can be assigned to the subgenus Epiptera METCALF, with the exception of the genotype Cixidia confinis (ZETTERSTEDT). Despite of the scarcity and fragmentary documentation of West Palaearctic Achilidae, geographic hot spots for species richness appear to be in Greece (7 species), Turkey (5 species), and Italy (4 species). The necessity of future faunistic, ecological, morphological, and taxonomic work is emphasized.
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| bibo:abstract
| - Due to their cryptic life and scarcity Achilidae is one of the least known and understood families of planthoppers (Fulgoroidea). This work represents the first comprehensive review of Achilidae from the West Palaearctic. A general update of the current knowledge on morphology, taxonomy, systematics, distribution, and ecology of Achilidae is presented. With focus on West Palaearctic taxa larval instars of two mediterranean species are described and illustrated for the first time. For adults, male and female genital structures of all species concerned are figured and described. Supplementary descriptions are provided for all known species. Biological notes, especially on host plant associations wherever available are provided. These have revealed an association with Fagaceae (Quercus spp., Fagus spec.) and Pinaceae (Pinus spec., Abies spec.); immatures and partly adults feed as sap-suckers on hyphae of fungi of Basidiomycota: Polyporales which are found on rotten parts under bark of fallen trees. 5 species were discovered as new to science: 4 of the genus Cixidia SPINOLA (C. anatolica spec. nov. from Turkey, C. maghrebina spec. nov. from Algeria, C. malickii spec. nov. from Greece: Crete, C. skaloula spec. nov. from Greece), and 1 of the genus Neomenocria FENNAH (N. creticola spec. nov. from Greece: Crete), the latter genus here being removed from synonymy with Cixidia and newly defined. All West Palaearctic species belong to the subfamily Achilinae with a total of 3 genera and 16 species, and are assigned to 2 tribes: a single species represents the tribe Plectoderini (Akotropis quercicola LINNAVUORI), 15 the tribe Achilini (not counted the taxonomically unclear Elidiptera genei SPINOLA where the type-specimen is apparently lost). Keys to genera and species of Achilini treated in this work are provided. The identity of C. parnassia STAL could be clarified by examining the original type revealing the misinterpretation of this species by many authors following MELICHAR and others in the late 19th and early 20th century. The misinterpreted species the largest of West Palaearctic Achilidae is here described as new (C. skaloula spec. nov.). 13 species belong to Cixidia and are members of the subtribe Cixidiina; 2 species belong to Neomenocria and are tentatively assigned to the subtribe Elidipterina. With a slight modification of hitherto used subgeneric criteria sensu ANUFRIEV all West Palaearctic Cixidia species can be assigned to the subgenus Epiptera METCALF, with the exception of the genotype Cixidia confinis (ZETTERSTEDT). Despite of the scarcity and fragmentary documentation of West Palaearctic Achilidae, geographic hot spots for species richness appear to be in Greece (7 species), Turkey (5 species), and Italy (4 species). The necessity of future faunistic, ecological, morphological, and taxonomic work is emphasized.
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| dct:bibliographicCitation
| - Asche M., 2015. The West Palaearctic Achilidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea) - a review with description of five new species from the Mediterranean. <em>Nova Supplementa Entomologica</em>, 25 : 1‑135.
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