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Aptroot <i>et al.</i> (2016)

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2016-01-01

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Aptroot <i>et al.</i> (2016)

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n7:S002428291600013X

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_:vb70015364

dct:abstract

<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>The following 46 new species of <jats:italic>Trypetheliaceae</jats:italic> are described: <jats:italic>Astrothelium aenascens</jats:italic> Aptroot from Papua New Guinea, which is similar to <jats:italic>A. aenoides</jats:italic> but differs by the hamathecium which is not inspersed; <jats:italic>A. alboverrucoides</jats:italic> Aptroot from Indonesia with globose ascomata with constricted base, internally similar to <jats:italic>A. megaspermum</jats:italic>; <jats:italic>A. clypeatum</jats:italic> Aptroot &amp; Gueidan from Vietnam with black conical ascomata in which the pseudostroma is reminiscent of a clypeus, a rimose thallus, and 3-septate ascospores, 85–95×22–25 µm; <jats:italic>A. colombiense</jats:italic> Aptroot from Colombia with 1 muriform ascospore of 240–300×45–50 µm per ascus, and an inspersed hamathecium; <jats:italic>A. condoricum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Ecuador with a bright orange thallus and contrasting bright scarlet internal pigment, and muriform ascospores, 38–42×18–21 µm; <jats:italic>A. corallinum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana, which is most similar to <jats:italic>A. ochroleucoides</jats:italic> but the thallus is without lichexanthone; <jats:italic>A. dicoloratum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Venezuela with an orange thallus and more yellowish pseudostromata with usually only 1 ascoma, and 9–11-septate ascospores; <jats:italic>A. ecuadoriense</jats:italic> Aptroot from Ecuador with ascospores 2 per ascus, muriform, 80–175×25–50 µm, and an inspersed hamathecium; <jats:italic>A. flavomaculatum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Ecuador, Guyana and Venezuela which is similar to <jats:italic>A. graphicum</jats:italic>, but with ascospores 50–75×12–25 µm; <jats:italic>A. flavomeristosporum</jats:italic> Aptroot from the Philippines and Ecuador with mostly simple ascomata with an orange to yellow, inspersed hamathecium and muriform ascospores 140–200×25–30 µm; <jats:italic>A. flavostiolatum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Ecuador with bright yellow ostioles and a very irregular thallus, and muriform ascospores, 175–230×35–45 µm; <jats:italic>A. guianense</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana with a very irregular thallus, eccentric, fused ostioles and ascospores 4 per ascus, muriform, 70–80×20–25 µm; <jats:italic>A. inspersogalbineum</jats:italic> Aptroot &amp; Weerakoon from Singapore which is similar to <jats:italic>A. macrocarpum</jats:italic> but with the hamathecium inspersed; <jats:italic>A. komposchii</jats:italic> Aptroot from Venezuela with chimney-like ostioles and a very irregular, almost squamulose thallus and muriform ascospores, 130–180×35–45 µm; <jats:italic>A. laurerosphaerioides</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana with aggregated ascomata with internally and partly (when abraded) also superficially orange anthraquinone pigment, ascospores 2 per ascus, muriform, 110–130×30–35 µm; <jats:italic>A. lucidomedullatum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Ecuador with lichexanthone in the medulla of the thallus, ascospores 4 per ascus, muriform, 80–115×25–35 µm; <jats:italic>A. lucidostromum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana which is similar to <jats:italic>A. eustomuralis</jats:italic> but lichexanthone is present in the whole pseudostroma; <jats:italic>A. lucidothallinum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana with the thallus containing lichexanthone, ascomata in pseudostromata without lichexanthone, ostioles apical, hamathecium not inspersed, ascospores muriform, 70–90×18–20 µm; <jats:italic>A. mediocrassum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana which resembles <jats:italic>A. octosporum</jats:italic> but without lichexanthone in the thallus or pseudostromata, muriform ascospores, 70–80×22<jats:italic>–</jats:italic>25 µm, with median septum strongly thickened; <jats:italic>A. megatropicum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana with 3-septate ascospores 100–120×33–35 µm, and hemispherical dark brown pseudostromata; <jats:italic>A. megochroleucum</jats:italic> Aptroot from El Salvador with 3-septate ascospores 60–70×16–18 µm and lichexanthone in the thallus and pseudostromata; <jats:italic>A. neoinspersum</jats:italic> Aptroot from El Salvador which is similar to <jats:italic>A. aenascens</jats:italic> but with bright yellow pseudostromata; <jats:italic>A. perspersum</jats:italic> Aptroot &amp; Ertz from Gabon which is similar to <jats:italic>A. scoria</jats:italic> but with ascospores 26–38×7–9 µm; <jats:italic>A. philippinense</jats:italic> Aptroot &amp; Schumm from the Philippines without pseudostromata, ostiole apical, hamathecium inspersed, ascospores muriform, 125–170×30–35 µm, 4 per ascus; <jats:italic>A. pseudannulare</jats:italic> Aptroot &amp; Etayo from Ecuador with the appearance of the <jats:italic>A. puiggarii</jats:italic>-group, but differing from all other species of it by the 3-septate ascospores 80–88×32–36 µm, which are 2–4 per ascus; <jats:italic>A. pseudodissimulum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Papua New Guinea with K+ red crystals in the ascoma wall and 5-septate ascospores of 25–33×9–11 µm; <jats:italic>A. pseudoferrugineum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Indonesia, of the <jats:italic>A. conicum</jats:italic>-group with an orange thallus and pseudostroma pruina, differing from <jats:italic>A. ferrugineum</jats:italic> by the ascospores 28–31×9–11 µm and the more glossy thallus; <jats:italic>A. pseudomegalophthalmum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Colombia, similar to <jats:italic>A. megaspermum</jats:italic> but differing by the 7-septate ascospores 152–166×32–37 µm; <jats:italic>A. rimosum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana and Colombia with 7–11-septate ascospores 110–150×30–37 µm and a rimose thallus with yellow medulla; <jats:italic>A. sanguineoxanthum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Brazil with the thallus containing lichexanthone and pseudostromata with numerous immersed round ascomata, the whole inside of which is full of red, K+ green pigment; <jats:italic>A. septemseptatum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana and Venezuela with the thallus and pseudostromata UV+ yellow and 7–9-septate ascospores 50–55×12–17 µm; <jats:italic>A. sexloculatum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana and Papua New Guinea with 5-septate ascospores 25–27×7–11 µm and lichexanthone in the thallus and pseudostromata; <jats:italic>A. sipmanii</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana with simple ascomata with 5-septate ascospores 100–150×35–40 µm and an inspersed hamathecium; <jats:italic>A. trypethelioides</jats:italic> Aptroot from Venezuela with fused ostioles, an inspersed hamathecium and 7–9-septate ascospores 49–52×13–16 µm; <jats:italic>A. ultralucens</jats:italic> Aptroot from Venezuela with lichexanthone in the thallus and pseudostromata, fused ostioles and 3-septate ascospores over 105–130×35–42 µm; <jats:italic>A. vulcanum</jats:italic> from Guyana, of the <jats:italic>A. nitidiusculum</jats:italic>-group with simple ascomata, an inspersed hamathecium and lichexanthone; <jats:italic>A. zebrinum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana with fused ostioles and 7-septate ascospores 60–70 µm long, without lichexanthone, anthraquinones and inspersion; <jats:italic>Polymeridium rhodopruinosum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Puerto Rico with red pruina on the ascomata and 3-septate ascospores 17–19×3·5–5·0 µm; <jats:italic>Pseudopyrenula americana</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana with 3-septate ascospores 26–32×7–10 µm, without inspersion and without lichexanthone; <jats:italic>P. guianensis</jats:italic> Aptroot from French Guiana and Surinam with a hyaline hamathecium with inspersion, a thallus with lichexanthone and 3-septate ascospores 21–25×6–9 µm; <jats:italic>P. hexamera</jats:italic> Aptroot from Venezuela with 5-septate ascospores 16–21×6–7 µm, lumina clearly diamond-shaped; <jats:italic>P. thallina</jats:italic> Lücking &amp; Aptroot from Costa Rica with a greenish corticate thallus and 3-septate ascospores, 21–25×6–9 µm; <jats:italic>Trypethelium infraeluteriae</jats:italic> Aptroot &amp; Gueidan from Vietnam which is similar to <jats:italic>T. subeluteriae</jats:italic> but with lower pseudostromata and ascospores 7–9-septate, 37–42×9–11 µm; <jats:italic>Viridothelium inspersum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Papua New Guinea with solitary, immersed ascomata, an inspersed hamathecium, and 12–14-septate ascospores, 60–75×12–17 µm; <jats:italic>V. kinabaluense</jats:italic> Aptroot from Sabah which is similar to <jats:italic>V. indutum</jats:italic> with emergent black ascomata, but with 17–25-septate ascospores 100–150×18–23 µm; and <jats:italic>V. solomonense</jats:italic> Aptroot from the Solomon Islands having ascomata with lateral, partly fused ostioles and black clypeus, and ascospores 15–19-septate, 75–98×17–20 µm. The new species are known from Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Gabon, Guyana, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Sabah, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Surinam, Venezuela and/or Vietnam.</jats:p>

bibo:abstract

<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>The following 46 new species of <jats:italic>Trypetheliaceae</jats:italic> are described: <jats:italic>Astrothelium aenascens</jats:italic> Aptroot from Papua New Guinea, which is similar to <jats:italic>A. aenoides</jats:italic> but differs by the hamathecium which is not inspersed; <jats:italic>A. alboverrucoides</jats:italic> Aptroot from Indonesia with globose ascomata with constricted base, internally similar to <jats:italic>A. megaspermum</jats:italic>; <jats:italic>A. clypeatum</jats:italic> Aptroot &amp; Gueidan from Vietnam with black conical ascomata in which the pseudostroma is reminiscent of a clypeus, a rimose thallus, and 3-septate ascospores, 85–95×22–25 µm; <jats:italic>A. colombiense</jats:italic> Aptroot from Colombia with 1 muriform ascospore of 240–300×45–50 µm per ascus, and an inspersed hamathecium; <jats:italic>A. condoricum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Ecuador with a bright orange thallus and contrasting bright scarlet internal pigment, and muriform ascospores, 38–42×18–21 µm; <jats:italic>A. corallinum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana, which is most similar to <jats:italic>A. ochroleucoides</jats:italic> but the thallus is without lichexanthone; <jats:italic>A. dicoloratum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Venezuela with an orange thallus and more yellowish pseudostromata with usually only 1 ascoma, and 9–11-septate ascospores; <jats:italic>A. ecuadoriense</jats:italic> Aptroot from Ecuador with ascospores 2 per ascus, muriform, 80–175×25–50 µm, and an inspersed hamathecium; <jats:italic>A. flavomaculatum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Ecuador, Guyana and Venezuela which is similar to <jats:italic>A. graphicum</jats:italic>, but with ascospores 50–75×12–25 µm; <jats:italic>A. flavomeristosporum</jats:italic> Aptroot from the Philippines and Ecuador with mostly simple ascomata with an orange to yellow, inspersed hamathecium and muriform ascospores 140–200×25–30 µm; <jats:italic>A. flavostiolatum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Ecuador with bright yellow ostioles and a very irregular thallus, and muriform ascospores, 175–230×35–45 µm; <jats:italic>A. guianense</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana with a very irregular thallus, eccentric, fused ostioles and ascospores 4 per ascus, muriform, 70–80×20–25 µm; <jats:italic>A. inspersogalbineum</jats:italic> Aptroot &amp; Weerakoon from Singapore which is similar to <jats:italic>A. macrocarpum</jats:italic> but with the hamathecium inspersed; <jats:italic>A. komposchii</jats:italic> Aptroot from Venezuela with chimney-like ostioles and a very irregular, almost squamulose thallus and muriform ascospores, 130–180×35–45 µm; <jats:italic>A. laurerosphaerioides</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana with aggregated ascomata with internally and partly (when abraded) also superficially orange anthraquinone pigment, ascospores 2 per ascus, muriform, 110–130×30–35 µm; <jats:italic>A. lucidomedullatum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Ecuador with lichexanthone in the medulla of the thallus, ascospores 4 per ascus, muriform, 80–115×25–35 µm; <jats:italic>A. lucidostromum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana which is similar to <jats:italic>A. eustomuralis</jats:italic> but lichexanthone is present in the whole pseudostroma; <jats:italic>A. lucidothallinum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana with the thallus containing lichexanthone, ascomata in pseudostromata without lichexanthone, ostioles apical, hamathecium not inspersed, ascospores muriform, 70–90×18–20 µm; <jats:italic>A. mediocrassum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana which resembles <jats:italic>A. octosporum</jats:italic> but without lichexanthone in the thallus or pseudostromata, muriform ascospores, 70–80×22<jats:italic>–</jats:italic>25 µm, with median septum strongly thickened; <jats:italic>A. megatropicum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana with 3-septate ascospores 100–120×33–35 µm, and hemispherical dark brown pseudostromata; <jats:italic>A. megochroleucum</jats:italic> Aptroot from El Salvador with 3-septate ascospores 60–70×16–18 µm and lichexanthone in the thallus and pseudostromata; <jats:italic>A. neoinspersum</jats:italic> Aptroot from El Salvador which is similar to <jats:italic>A. aenascens</jats:italic> but with bright yellow pseudostromata; <jats:italic>A. perspersum</jats:italic> Aptroot &amp; Ertz from Gabon which is similar to <jats:italic>A. scoria</jats:italic> but with ascospores 26–38×7–9 µm; <jats:italic>A. philippinense</jats:italic> Aptroot &amp; Schumm from the Philippines without pseudostromata, ostiole apical, hamathecium inspersed, ascospores muriform, 125–170×30–35 µm, 4 per ascus; <jats:italic>A. pseudannulare</jats:italic> Aptroot &amp; Etayo from Ecuador with the appearance of the <jats:italic>A. puiggarii</jats:italic>-group, but differing from all other species of it by the 3-septate ascospores 80–88×32–36 µm, which are 2–4 per ascus; <jats:italic>A. pseudodissimulum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Papua New Guinea with K+ red crystals in the ascoma wall and 5-septate ascospores of 25–33×9–11 µm; <jats:italic>A. pseudoferrugineum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Indonesia, of the <jats:italic>A. conicum</jats:italic>-group with an orange thallus and pseudostroma pruina, differing from <jats:italic>A. ferrugineum</jats:italic> by the ascospores 28–31×9–11 µm and the more glossy thallus; <jats:italic>A. pseudomegalophthalmum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Colombia, similar to <jats:italic>A. megaspermum</jats:italic> but differing by the 7-septate ascospores 152–166×32–37 µm; <jats:italic>A. rimosum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana and Colombia with 7–11-septate ascospores 110–150×30–37 µm and a rimose thallus with yellow medulla; <jats:italic>A. sanguineoxanthum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Brazil with the thallus containing lichexanthone and pseudostromata with numerous immersed round ascomata, the whole inside of which is full of red, K+ green pigment; <jats:italic>A. septemseptatum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana and Venezuela with the thallus and pseudostromata UV+ yellow and 7–9-septate ascospores 50–55×12–17 µm; <jats:italic>A. sexloculatum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana and Papua New Guinea with 5-septate ascospores 25–27×7–11 µm and lichexanthone in the thallus and pseudostromata; <jats:italic>A. sipmanii</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana with simple ascomata with 5-septate ascospores 100–150×35–40 µm and an inspersed hamathecium; <jats:italic>A. trypethelioides</jats:italic> Aptroot from Venezuela with fused ostioles, an inspersed hamathecium and 7–9-septate ascospores 49–52×13–16 µm; <jats:italic>A. ultralucens</jats:italic> Aptroot from Venezuela with lichexanthone in the thallus and pseudostromata, fused ostioles and 3-septate ascospores over 105–130×35–42 µm; <jats:italic>A. vulcanum</jats:italic> from Guyana, of the <jats:italic>A. nitidiusculum</jats:italic>-group with simple ascomata, an inspersed hamathecium and lichexanthone; <jats:italic>A. zebrinum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana with fused ostioles and 7-septate ascospores 60–70 µm long, without lichexanthone, anthraquinones and inspersion; <jats:italic>Polymeridium rhodopruinosum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Puerto Rico with red pruina on the ascomata and 3-septate ascospores 17–19×3·5–5·0 µm; <jats:italic>Pseudopyrenula americana</jats:italic> Aptroot from Guyana with 3-septate ascospores 26–32×7–10 µm, without inspersion and without lichexanthone; <jats:italic>P. guianensis</jats:italic> Aptroot from French Guiana and Surinam with a hyaline hamathecium with inspersion, a thallus with lichexanthone and 3-septate ascospores 21–25×6–9 µm; <jats:italic>P. hexamera</jats:italic> Aptroot from Venezuela with 5-septate ascospores 16–21×6–7 µm, lumina clearly diamond-shaped; <jats:italic>P. thallina</jats:italic> Lücking &amp; Aptroot from Costa Rica with a greenish corticate thallus and 3-septate ascospores, 21–25×6–9 µm; <jats:italic>Trypethelium infraeluteriae</jats:italic> Aptroot &amp; Gueidan from Vietnam which is similar to <jats:italic>T. subeluteriae</jats:italic> but with lower pseudostromata and ascospores 7–9-septate, 37–42×9–11 µm; <jats:italic>Viridothelium inspersum</jats:italic> Aptroot from Papua New Guinea with solitary, immersed ascomata, an inspersed hamathecium, and 12–14-septate ascospores, 60–75×12–17 µm; <jats:italic>V. kinabaluense</jats:italic> Aptroot from Sabah which is similar to <jats:italic>V. indutum</jats:italic> with emergent black ascomata, but with 17–25-septate ascospores 100–150×18–23 µm; and <jats:italic>V. solomonense</jats:italic> Aptroot from the Solomon Islands having ascomata with lateral, partly fused ostioles and black clypeus, and ascospores 15–19-septate, 75–98×17–20 µm. The new species are known from Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Gabon, Guyana, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Sabah, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Surinam, Venezuela and/or Vietnam.</jats:p>

dct:issued

2016-01-01

dct:bibliographicCitation

Aptroot, A., Ertz, D., Etayo salazar, J., Gueidan, C., Mercado diaz, J., Schumm, F. &amp; Weerakoon, G. 2016. Forty-six new species of Trypetheliaceae from the tropics <em>The Lichenologist</em>, 48(6): 609-638.

bibo:doi

doi:10.1017/S002428291600013X

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n7:S002428291600013X

Subject Item

_:vb70015364

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schema:propertyID

n3:P356

schema:value

doi:10.1017/S002428291600013X