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n2:397109

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schema:CreativeWork bibo:Document

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Wittmann & Chevaldonné (2021)

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schema:datePublished

2021-01-01

dct:title

Wittmann & Chevaldonné (2021)

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n4:

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_:vb70016203

dct:abstract

<jats:p>SCUBA diving explorations of three islands off Dumont d’Urville Station at the coast of Adélie Land, East Antarctica, enabled the observation of marine ice caves. Sampling in this unusual habitat yielded a total of three species of Mysidae, altogether previously poorly known or unknown to science. <jats:italic>Pseudomma kryotroglodytum</jats:italic><jats:bold>sp. nov.</jats:bold> is described, based on the structure of the antennal scale, telson and on cornea-like lateral portions set off against the main body of eyeplates. <jats:italic>Mysidetes illigi</jats:italic> is re-established at species level after almost a century in synonymy. Re-descriptions are provided for <jats:italic>M. illigi</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. hanseni</jats:italic>, based on types and ice cave materials. Keys to the Southern Ocean species of <jats:italic>Pseudomma</jats:italic> and to the world-wide species of <jats:italic>Mysidetes</jats:italic> are given.</jats:p> <jats:p>Phylogenetic trees are provided for the genera <jats:italic>Pseudomma</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mysidetes</jats:italic>. 18S rDNA sequences of <jats:italic>P. kryotroglodytum</jats:italic> differ from GenBank sequences of other <jats:italic>Pseudomma</jats:italic> species. First sequence data are given for species of the genus <jats:italic>Mysidetes</jats:italic>: 18S differs between the two examined species and COI is quite diverse between and within species.</jats:p> <jats:p>We found previously unknown, probably sensorial structures in these ice cave species: in <jats:italic>P. kryotroglodytum</jats:italic>, the basal segment of the antennula shows a pit-like depression with striated pad on the bottom and a median cyst, connected with the bottom of the eyeplate cleft. <jats:italic>M. illigi</jats:italic> shows a female homologue of the appendix masculina bearing a field of modified setae. Subsequent investigations demonstrated these structures also in species from other habitats.</jats:p> <jats:p>The feeding apparatus and stomach contents of the three ice cave species point to brushing of small particles (detritus, microalgae) from available surfaces, such as sediment, rock and the ice surface. Differences in the feeding apparatus are very subtle between the two <jats:italic>Mysidetes</jats:italic> species. The high content of fat bodies in <jats:italic>M. hanseni</jats:italic> could help it to survive periods of starvation. The large storage volume of the foregut in <jats:italic>P. kryotroglodytum</jats:italic> points to the collection of food with low nutritional quality and could help to balance strongly fluctuating food availability.</jats:p> <jats:p>Summer specimens of <jats:italic>M. hanseni</jats:italic> showed a bimodal frequency of developmental stages in the marsupium and bimodal size-frequency distribution of free-living stages. The females with younger brood (embryos) were, on average, larger and carried more marsupial young than those with older brood (nauplioid larvae). All examined incubating and spent females showed (almost) empty foreguts and empty ovarian tubes, suggesting possible semelparity and death following the release of young. The absence of juveniles and immature females from summer samples suggests that growth and accumulation of fat and yolk occur outside ice caves, while such caves could be used by fattened adults as shelter for brooding. A provisional interpretation proposes a biannual life cycle for <jats:italic>M. hanseni</jats:italic>, superimposed with shifted breeding schedules, the latter characterised by early breeding and late breeding females, probably in response to harsh physical and trophic conditions along the continental coast of Antarctica.</jats:p>

bibo:abstract

<jats:p>SCUBA diving explorations of three islands off Dumont d’Urville Station at the coast of Adélie Land, East Antarctica, enabled the observation of marine ice caves. Sampling in this unusual habitat yielded a total of three species of Mysidae, altogether previously poorly known or unknown to science. <jats:italic>Pseudomma kryotroglodytum</jats:italic><jats:bold>sp. nov.</jats:bold> is described, based on the structure of the antennal scale, telson and on cornea-like lateral portions set off against the main body of eyeplates. <jats:italic>Mysidetes illigi</jats:italic> is re-established at species level after almost a century in synonymy. Re-descriptions are provided for <jats:italic>M. illigi</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. hanseni</jats:italic>, based on types and ice cave materials. Keys to the Southern Ocean species of <jats:italic>Pseudomma</jats:italic> and to the world-wide species of <jats:italic>Mysidetes</jats:italic> are given.</jats:p> <jats:p>Phylogenetic trees are provided for the genera <jats:italic>Pseudomma</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mysidetes</jats:italic>. 18S rDNA sequences of <jats:italic>P. kryotroglodytum</jats:italic> differ from GenBank sequences of other <jats:italic>Pseudomma</jats:italic> species. First sequence data are given for species of the genus <jats:italic>Mysidetes</jats:italic>: 18S differs between the two examined species and COI is quite diverse between and within species.</jats:p> <jats:p>We found previously unknown, probably sensorial structures in these ice cave species: in <jats:italic>P. kryotroglodytum</jats:italic>, the basal segment of the antennula shows a pit-like depression with striated pad on the bottom and a median cyst, connected with the bottom of the eyeplate cleft. <jats:italic>M. illigi</jats:italic> shows a female homologue of the appendix masculina bearing a field of modified setae. Subsequent investigations demonstrated these structures also in species from other habitats.</jats:p> <jats:p>The feeding apparatus and stomach contents of the three ice cave species point to brushing of small particles (detritus, microalgae) from available surfaces, such as sediment, rock and the ice surface. Differences in the feeding apparatus are very subtle between the two <jats:italic>Mysidetes</jats:italic> species. The high content of fat bodies in <jats:italic>M. hanseni</jats:italic> could help it to survive periods of starvation. The large storage volume of the foregut in <jats:italic>P. kryotroglodytum</jats:italic> points to the collection of food with low nutritional quality and could help to balance strongly fluctuating food availability.</jats:p> <jats:p>Summer specimens of <jats:italic>M. hanseni</jats:italic> showed a bimodal frequency of developmental stages in the marsupium and bimodal size-frequency distribution of free-living stages. The females with younger brood (embryos) were, on average, larger and carried more marsupial young than those with older brood (nauplioid larvae). All examined incubating and spent females showed (almost) empty foreguts and empty ovarian tubes, suggesting possible semelparity and death following the release of young. The absence of juveniles and immature females from summer samples suggests that growth and accumulation of fat and yolk occur outside ice caves, while such caves could be used by fattened adults as shelter for brooding. A provisional interpretation proposes a biannual life cycle for <jats:italic>M. hanseni</jats:italic>, superimposed with shifted breeding schedules, the latter characterised by early breeding and late breeding females, probably in response to harsh physical and trophic conditions along the continental coast of Antarctica.</jats:p>

dct:issued

2021-01-01

dct:bibliographicCitation

Wittmann, K. &amp; Chevaldonné, P. 2021. First report of the order Mysida (Crustacea) in Antarctic marine ice caves, with description of a new species of Pseudomma and investigations on the taxonomy, morphology and life habits of Mysidetes species.&nbsp;<em>ZooKeys</em>, 1079(undefined): 145-227.

bibo:doi

10.3897/zookeys.1079.76412

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n4:

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n8:P356

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10.3897/zookeys.1079.76412