This HTML5 document contains 17 embedded RDF statements represented using HTML+Microdata notation.

The embedded RDF content will be recognized by any processor of HTML5 Microdata.

Subject Item

n4:409529

rdf:type

bibo:Document schema:CreativeWork

rdfs:label

Ke <i>et al.</i> (2022)

rdfs:isDefinedBy

taxref:taxref-ld

schema:datePublished

2022-01-01

dct:title

Ke <i>et al.</i> (2022)

foaf:page

n5:full

schema:identifier

_:vb70018582

dct:abstract

<jats:p>While the family Schizaeaceae (Schizaeales) represents only about 0.4% of the extant fern species diversity, it differs from other ferns greatly in gross morphologies, niche preferences, and life histories. One of the most notable features in this family is its mycoheterotrophic life style in the gametophytic stage, which appears to be associated with extensive losses of plastid genes. However, the limited number of sequenced plastomes, and the lack of a well-resolved phylogenetic framework of Schizaeaceae, makes it difficult to gain any further insight. Here, with a comprehensive sampling of ~77% of the species diversity of this family, we first inferred a plastid phylogeny of Schizaeaceae using three DNA regions. To resolve the deep relationships within this family, we then reconstructed a plastome-based phylogeny focusing on a selection of representatives that covered all the major clades. From this phylogenomic backbone, we traced the evolutionary histories of plastid genes and examined whether gene losses were associated with the evolution of gametophytic mycoheterotrophy. Our results reveal that extant Schizaeaceae is comprised of four major clades—<jats:italic>Microschizaea</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Actinostachys</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Schizaea</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Schizaea pusilla</jats:italic>. The loss of all plastid NADH-like dehydrogenase (<jats:italic>ndh</jats:italic>) genes was confirmed to have occurred in the ancestor of extant Schizaeaceae, which coincides with the evolution of mycoheterotrophy in this family. For chlorophyll biosynthesis genes (<jats:italic>chl</jats:italic>), the losses were interpreted as convergent in Schizaeaceae, and found not only in <jats:italic>Actinostachys</jats:italic>, a clade producing achlorophyllous gametophytes, but also in <jats:italic>S. pusilla</jats:italic> with chlorophyllous gametophytes. In addition, we discovered a previously undescribed but phylogenetically distinct species hidden in the <jats:italic>Schizaea dichotoma</jats:italic> complex and provided a taxonomic treatment and morphological diagnostics for this new species—<jats:italic>Schizaea medusa</jats:italic>. Finally, our phylogenetic results suggest that the current PPG I circumscription of <jats:italic>Schizaea</jats:italic> is non-monophyletic, and we therefore proposed a three-genus classification moving a subset of <jats:italic>Schizaea</jats:italic> species <jats:italic>sensu</jats:italic> PPG I to a third genus—<jats:italic>Microschizaea</jats:italic>.</jats:p>

bibo:abstract

<jats:p>While the family Schizaeaceae (Schizaeales) represents only about 0.4% of the extant fern species diversity, it differs from other ferns greatly in gross morphologies, niche preferences, and life histories. One of the most notable features in this family is its mycoheterotrophic life style in the gametophytic stage, which appears to be associated with extensive losses of plastid genes. However, the limited number of sequenced plastomes, and the lack of a well-resolved phylogenetic framework of Schizaeaceae, makes it difficult to gain any further insight. Here, with a comprehensive sampling of ~77% of the species diversity of this family, we first inferred a plastid phylogeny of Schizaeaceae using three DNA regions. To resolve the deep relationships within this family, we then reconstructed a plastome-based phylogeny focusing on a selection of representatives that covered all the major clades. From this phylogenomic backbone, we traced the evolutionary histories of plastid genes and examined whether gene losses were associated with the evolution of gametophytic mycoheterotrophy. Our results reveal that extant Schizaeaceae is comprised of four major clades—<jats:italic>Microschizaea</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Actinostachys</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Schizaea</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Schizaea pusilla</jats:italic>. The loss of all plastid NADH-like dehydrogenase (<jats:italic>ndh</jats:italic>) genes was confirmed to have occurred in the ancestor of extant Schizaeaceae, which coincides with the evolution of mycoheterotrophy in this family. For chlorophyll biosynthesis genes (<jats:italic>chl</jats:italic>), the losses were interpreted as convergent in Schizaeaceae, and found not only in <jats:italic>Actinostachys</jats:italic>, a clade producing achlorophyllous gametophytes, but also in <jats:italic>S. pusilla</jats:italic> with chlorophyllous gametophytes. In addition, we discovered a previously undescribed but phylogenetically distinct species hidden in the <jats:italic>Schizaea dichotoma</jats:italic> complex and provided a taxonomic treatment and morphological diagnostics for this new species—<jats:italic>Schizaea medusa</jats:italic>. Finally, our phylogenetic results suggest that the current PPG I circumscription of <jats:italic>Schizaea</jats:italic> is non-monophyletic, and we therefore proposed a three-genus classification moving a subset of <jats:italic>Schizaea</jats:italic> species <jats:italic>sensu</jats:italic> PPG I to a third genus—<jats:italic>Microschizaea</jats:italic>.</jats:p>

dct:issued

2022-01-01

dct:bibliographicCitation

Ke, B.-F., Wang, G.-J., Labiak, P., Rouhan, G., GoFlag consortium, Chen, C., Shepherd, L., Ohlsen, D.J., Renner, M.A.M., Karol, K.G., Li, F.W. &amp; Kuo, L.-Y. 2022. Systematics and Plastome Evolution in Schizaeaceae. <em>Frontiers in Plant Science</em>, 13.

bibo:doi

10.3389/fpls.2022.885501

schema:sameAs

n5:full

Subject Item

_:vb70018582

rdf:type

schema:PropertyValue

schema:propertyID

n3:P356

schema:value

10.3389/fpls.2022.885501