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n2:409864

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Horsáková <i>et al.</i> (2022)

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2022-01-01

dct:title

Horsáková <i>et al.</i> (2022)

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_:vb70019846

dct:abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Many molecular phylogenetic studies conclude by reporting discoveries of new “cryptic” species. However, these putative biological entities are typically left unverified outside of the <jats:sc>dna</jats:sc> evidence or subjected to only superficial <jats:italic>post-hoc</jats:italic> analyses. Minute land snails of the Western Palearctic <jats:italic>Pyramidula</jats:italic> represent one of such examples being considered a cryptic species complex based on previously conducted molecular phylogeny. Several species appear indistinguishable due to noticeable shell tendency towards either high-spired (<jats:italic>Pyramidula rupestris</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. jaenensis</jats:italic>) or low-spired (<jats:italic>P. saxatilis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. pusilla</jats:italic>) morphotype. Here, we challenge this conclusion by using mt DNA, n DNA, morphometric analyses and qualitative shell features, and seek for a potential evolutionary mechanism behind the conchological similarities. Through an empirical integration of multiple data types we document that the studied taxa can be visually distinguished. Unlike isolated shell measurements, <jats:sc>cva</jats:sc> s based on traditional morphometrics and geometric morphometrics have power to separate all species from each other, except for <jats:italic>P. saxatilis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. pusilla</jats:italic>. However, only a use of previously overlooked shell surface microsculpture makes it possible to identify individuals of all species. Considering tight associations between shell measurements and climate, we propose an evolutionary explanation based on optimization of thermal flux under different climatic selection pressures. Our study brings the awareness towards microscopic shell features, and outlines a general protocol to identify robust visual identification criteria in taxonomic groups containing cryptic (and non-cryptic) members. It also exemplifies an integration of various data types for macroscale species identification, which we believe should follow any discovery of putatively cryptic species.</jats:p>

bibo:abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Many molecular phylogenetic studies conclude by reporting discoveries of new “cryptic” species. However, these putative biological entities are typically left unverified outside of the <jats:sc>dna</jats:sc> evidence or subjected to only superficial <jats:italic>post-hoc</jats:italic> analyses. Minute land snails of the Western Palearctic <jats:italic>Pyramidula</jats:italic> represent one of such examples being considered a cryptic species complex based on previously conducted molecular phylogeny. Several species appear indistinguishable due to noticeable shell tendency towards either high-spired (<jats:italic>Pyramidula rupestris</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. jaenensis</jats:italic>) or low-spired (<jats:italic>P. saxatilis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. pusilla</jats:italic>) morphotype. Here, we challenge this conclusion by using mt DNA, n DNA, morphometric analyses and qualitative shell features, and seek for a potential evolutionary mechanism behind the conchological similarities. Through an empirical integration of multiple data types we document that the studied taxa can be visually distinguished. Unlike isolated shell measurements, <jats:sc>cva</jats:sc> s based on traditional morphometrics and geometric morphometrics have power to separate all species from each other, except for <jats:italic>P. saxatilis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. pusilla</jats:italic>. However, only a use of previously overlooked shell surface microsculpture makes it possible to identify individuals of all species. Considering tight associations between shell measurements and climate, we propose an evolutionary explanation based on optimization of thermal flux under different climatic selection pressures. Our study brings the awareness towards microscopic shell features, and outlines a general protocol to identify robust visual identification criteria in taxonomic groups containing cryptic (and non-cryptic) members. It also exemplifies an integration of various data types for macroscale species identification, which we believe should follow any discovery of putatively cryptic species.</jats:p>

dct:issued

2022-01-01

dct:bibliographicCitation

Horsáková, V., Líznarová, E., Razkin, O., Nekola, J. &amp; Horsák, M. 2022. Deciphering “cryptic” nature of European rock-dwelling <em>Pyramidula </em>snails (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). <em>Contributions to Zoology</em>, 91(4-5): 233-260.

bibo:doi

10.1163/18759866-bja10032

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_:vb70019846

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n10:P356

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10.1163/18759866-bja10032