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n2:438288

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Younes <i>et al.</i> (2021)

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schema:datePublished

2021-01-01

dct:title

Younes <i>et al.</i> (2021)

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_:vb70015062

dct:abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p><jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dirofilaria repens</jats:italic> are the main causative agents of heartworm disease and subcutaneous dirofilariasis in domestic and wild canids, respectively. Both pathogens have zoonotic potential and are transmitted by mosquitoes. The present study aimed to determine the transmission period, prevalence and diversity of <jats:italic>Dirofilaria</jats:italic> spp. vectors from endemic areas of Corsica (France).</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>A monthly point data model based on average temperature recorded by four meteorological stations during 2017 was used to calculate the <jats:italic>Dirofilaria</jats:italic> transmission period. From June to September 2017, female mosquitoes (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 1802) were captured using Biogents<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> Sentinel 2 traps lured with carbon dioxide and BG-Lure™ or octanol. Mosquitoes were identified to species level, pooled accordingly, and screened using multiplex real-time qPCR to detect <jats:italic>D. immitis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. repens</jats:italic>.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>The monthly point data model showed the possible transmission of <jats:italic>Dirofilaria</jats:italic> spp. from the third week in May to the last week in October in the studied area. Mosquitoes were identified as <jats:italic>Ochlerotatus caspius</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 1432), <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 199), <jats:italic>Culex pipiens</jats:italic> sensu lato (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 165) and <jats:italic>Aedes vexans</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 6) and were grouped into 109 pools (from 1 to 27 specimens, mean 11.4 ± 0.7), of which 16 scored positive for <jats:italic>Dirofilaria</jats:italic> spp. (i.e., <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 13; estimated infection rate [EIR] = 1.1% for <jats:italic>D. immitis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 3; EIR = 0.2% for <jats:italic>D. repens</jats:italic>). Specifically, 6 (i.e., EIR = 3.8%) of 15 pools of <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus</jats:italic> were positive for <jats:italic>D. immitis</jats:italic>, 2 of 14 of <jats:italic>Cx. pipiens</jats:italic> s.l. were positive for <jats:italic>D. immitis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. repens</jats:italic>, respectively, and 8 of 77 pools of <jats:italic>Oc. caspius</jats:italic> were positive for <jats:italic>D. immitis</jats:italic> (i.e., <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 6; EIR = 0.4%) and <jats:italic>D. repens</jats:italic> (i.e., 2; EIR = 0.1%). The highest mosquito infection rate was recorded in July (EIR = 2.5%), then in June (EIR = 1.3%) and September (EIR = 0.6%).</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>The data suggest that both <jats:italic>Dirofilaria </jats:italic>species are endemic and occur possibly in sympatry in the studied area in Corsica, highlighting the need to implement preventive chemoprophylaxis and vector control strategies to reduce the risk of these filarioids in dog and human populations.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Graphical Abstract</jats:title> </jats:sec>

bibo:abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p><jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dirofilaria repens</jats:italic> are the main causative agents of heartworm disease and subcutaneous dirofilariasis in domestic and wild canids, respectively. Both pathogens have zoonotic potential and are transmitted by mosquitoes. The present study aimed to determine the transmission period, prevalence and diversity of <jats:italic>Dirofilaria</jats:italic> spp. vectors from endemic areas of Corsica (France).</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>A monthly point data model based on average temperature recorded by four meteorological stations during 2017 was used to calculate the <jats:italic>Dirofilaria</jats:italic> transmission period. From June to September 2017, female mosquitoes (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 1802) were captured using Biogents<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> Sentinel 2 traps lured with carbon dioxide and BG-Lure™ or octanol. Mosquitoes were identified to species level, pooled accordingly, and screened using multiplex real-time qPCR to detect <jats:italic>D. immitis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. repens</jats:italic>.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>The monthly point data model showed the possible transmission of <jats:italic>Dirofilaria</jats:italic> spp. from the third week in May to the last week in October in the studied area. Mosquitoes were identified as <jats:italic>Ochlerotatus caspius</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 1432), <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 199), <jats:italic>Culex pipiens</jats:italic> sensu lato (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 165) and <jats:italic>Aedes vexans</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 6) and were grouped into 109 pools (from 1 to 27 specimens, mean 11.4 ± 0.7), of which 16 scored positive for <jats:italic>Dirofilaria</jats:italic> spp. (i.e., <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 13; estimated infection rate [EIR] = 1.1% for <jats:italic>D. immitis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 3; EIR = 0.2% for <jats:italic>D. repens</jats:italic>). Specifically, 6 (i.e., EIR = 3.8%) of 15 pools of <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus</jats:italic> were positive for <jats:italic>D. immitis</jats:italic>, 2 of 14 of <jats:italic>Cx. pipiens</jats:italic> s.l. were positive for <jats:italic>D. immitis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. repens</jats:italic>, respectively, and 8 of 77 pools of <jats:italic>Oc. caspius</jats:italic> were positive for <jats:italic>D. immitis</jats:italic> (i.e., <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 6; EIR = 0.4%) and <jats:italic>D. repens</jats:italic> (i.e., 2; EIR = 0.1%). The highest mosquito infection rate was recorded in July (EIR = 2.5%), then in June (EIR = 1.3%) and September (EIR = 0.6%).</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>The data suggest that both <jats:italic>Dirofilaria </jats:italic>species are endemic and occur possibly in sympatry in the studied area in Corsica, highlighting the need to implement preventive chemoprophylaxis and vector control strategies to reduce the risk of these filarioids in dog and human populations.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Graphical Abstract</jats:title> </jats:sec>

dct:issued

2021-01-01

dct:bibliographicCitation

Younes, L., Barré-Cardi, H., Bedjaoui, S., Ayhan, N., Varloud, M., Mediannikov, O., Otranto, D. &amp; Davoust, B. 2021. <em>Dirofilaria immitis</em> and <em>Dirofilaria repens</em> in mosquitoes from Corsica Island, France. <em>Parasites &amp; Vectors</em>, 14(1).

bibo:doi

10.1186/s13071-021-04931-y

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n9:pdf

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_:vb70015062

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n8:P356

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10.1186/s13071-021-04931-y